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Laboratory study on high-temperature adsorption of HCl by dry-injection of Ca(OH)

Junjun TAN,Guohua YANG,Jingqiao MAO,Huichao DAI

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第6期   页码 863-870 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0618-9

摘要： Combustion-generated hydrogen chloride (HCl) is considered to be a very hazardous acid gaseous pollutant. This paper presents a laboratory study on the dry adsorption of HCl. The experiments were conducted in a dual-layer granular bed filter, at gas temperatures of 500°C–700°C and (Ca)/ (Cl)molar ratios of 1.0–5.0 using the silver nitrate titration method by dry adsorbent powders Ca(OH) . Mainly, the adsorption efficiency of HCl and utilization efficiency of Calcium were studied, by varying relevant factors including (Ca)/ (Cl), temperature, feeding method, water vapor and CO . With a relatively higher HCl concentration of 1000 ppm, the experimental results revealed that 600°C may be the optimum temperature for HCl adsorption when optimum (Ca)/ (Cl) was 2.5 in our tests. The results also demonstrated that the feeding at a constant pressure was more effective, and the HCl adsorption efficiency could rapidly reach over 90% with (Ca)/ (Cl) = 2.5 at 600°C. Furthermore, the HCl adsorption efficiency was found to be slightly promoted by water vapor, while could be impeded by CO , and the utilization efficiency of calcium could be up to 74.4% without CO , while was only 36.8% with CO when (Ca)/ (Cl) was 2.5 at 600°C.

关键词： acid gas HCl     Ca(OH)2     dry adsorption     high temperature     dual-layer granular bed filter    

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Influence of influent on anaerobic ammonium oxidation in an Expanded Granular Sludge Bed-Biological AeratedFilter integrated system

Daijun ZHANG, Cui BAI, Ting TANG, Qing YANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第2期   页码 291-297 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0270-6

摘要： Shortcut nitrification-denitrification, anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX), and methanogenesis have been successfully coupled in an Expanded Granular Sludge Bed-Biological Aerated Filter (EGSB-BAF) integrated system. As fed different synthetic wastewater with chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 300–1200 mg·L and of 30–120 mg·L at the outer recycle ratio of 200%, the influence of influent on ANAMMOX in the integrated system was investigated in this paper. The experimental results showed that higher COD concentration caused an increase in denitrification and methanogenesis but a decrease in ANAMMOX; however, when an influent with the low concentration of COD was used, the opposite changes could be observed. Higher influent concentration favored ANAMMOX when the COD concentration of influent was fixed. Therefore, low ratio would decrease competition for nitrite between ANAMMOX and denitrification, which was favorable for reducing the negative effect of organic COD on ANAMMOX. The good performance of the integrated system indicated that the bacterial community of denitrification, ANAMMOX, and methanogenesis could be dynamically maintained in the sludge of EGSB reactor for a certain range of influent.

关键词： Expanded Granular Sludge Bed-Biological Aerated Filter (EGSB-BAF) integrated system     the influence of influent     anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX)     shortcut nitrification-denitrification     methano-genesis    

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Concept and application of anaerobic suspended granular sludge bed (SGSB) reactor for wastewater treatment

Mingxia ZHENG,Zhong YAN,Jiane ZUO,Kaijun WANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第5期   页码 797-804 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0597-x

摘要： Bed expansion serves an important function in the design and operation of an upflow anaerobic reactor. An analysis of the flow pattern of expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactors shows that most EGSB reactors do not behave as expanded bed reactors, as is widely perceived. Rather, these reactors behave as fluidized bed reactors based on the classic chemical reactor theory. In this paper, four bed expansion modes, divided as static bed, expanded bed, suspended bed, and fluidized bed, for bioreactors are proposed. A high-rate anaerobic suspended granular sludge bed (SGSB) reactor was then developed. The SGSB reactor is an upflow anaerobic reactor, and its expansion degree can be easily controlled within a range to maintain the suspended status of the sludge bed by controlling upflow velocity. The results of the full-scale reactor confirmed that the use of SGSB reactors is advantageous. The full-scale SGSB reactor runs stably and achieves high COD removal efficiency (about 90%) at high loading rates (average 40 kg-COD·m ·d , maximum to 52 kg-COD·m ·d ) based on the SGSB theory, and its expansion degree is between 22% and 37%.

关键词： expansion characteristic     high-rate bioreactor     anaerobic suspended granular sludge bed     expanded granular sludge bed reactor    

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Thermal performance of a single-layer packed metal pebble-bed exposed to high energy fluxes

Shengchun ZHANG, Zhifeng WANG, Hui BIAN, Pingrui HUANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第2期   页码 513-528 doi: 10.1007/s11708-019-0638-7

摘要： It is difficult to accurately measure the temperature of the falling particle receiver since thermocouples may directly be exposed to the solar flux. This study analyzes the thermal performance of a packed bed receiver using large metal spheres to minimize the measurement error of particle temperature with the sphere temperature reaching more than 700°C in experiments in a solar furnace and a solar simulator. The numerical models of a single sphere and multiple spheres are verified by the experiments. The multiple spheres model includes calculations of the external incidence, view factors, and heat transfer. The effects of parameters on the temperature variations of the spheres, the transient thermal efficiency, and the temperature uniformity are investigated, such as the ambient temperature, particle thermal conductivity, energy flux, sphere diameter, and sphere emissivity. When the convection is not considered, the results show that the sphere emissivity has a significant influence on the transient thermal efficiency and that the temperature uniformity is strongly affected by the energy flux, sphere diameter, and sphere emissivity. As the emissivity increases from 0.5 to 0.9, the transient thermal efficiency and the average temperature variance increase from 53.5% to 75.7% and from 14.3% to 27.1% at 3.9 min, respectively. The average temperature variance decreases from 29.7% to 9.3% at 2.2 min with the sphere diameter increasing from 28.57 mm to 50 mm. As the dimensionless energy flux increases from 0.8 to 1.2, the average temperature variance increases from 13.4% to 26.6% at 3.4 min.

关键词： packed bed     solar thermal power plants     high heat fluxes     radiative heat transfer    

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Effect of nitrobenzene on the performance and bacterial community in an expanded granular sludge bed

Jun Li, Wentao Li, Gan Luo, Yan Li, Aimin Li

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1090-y

摘要：

Less than 50 mg/L nitrobenzene brought little effect on anaerobic sulfate reduction.

Kinetics of sulfate reduction under different nitrobenzene contents was studied.

Increased nitrobenzene contents greatly changed the bacterial community structure.

Genus Desulfovibrio played the key role in anaerobic sulfate reduction process.

关键词： Nitrobenzene (NB)     Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB)     Bacterial community     Sulfate reduction     High-throughput sequencing    

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对双层组件4D打印可逆性的初步研究 Article

Amelia Yilin Lee, Jia An, Chee Kai Chu, Yi Zhang

《工程（英文）》 2019年 第5卷 第6期   页码 1159-1170 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.09.007

摘要：

增材制造的快速发展和形状记忆聚合物材料的进步推动了四维（4D）打印技术的进展。随着设计方面的不断改进，逐渐证明有可能实现可逆4D打印或双向4D打印。这项技术将完全消除对人为干预的需要，因为编程完全由外部刺激驱动，这使得4D打印部件可以在多个周期内启动。本研究提出了一种新的可逆4D打印驱动方法，其中弹性体的溶胀和热量用于编程阶段，以及热量用于恢复阶段。本研究的主要重点在于自驱动设计这一步骤。为了实现对弯曲的控制，已经开发了一种简单的预测模型用于研究曲率。此外，为了更好地了解模型对曲率的预测程度，对参数、温度和弹性体厚度也进行了研究。采用这种方式理解曲率可以提供对可逆4D打印结构的高度控制。

关键词： 4D打印     增材制造     形状记忆聚合物     可逆4D打印     双向4D打印     溶胀弹性体    

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Influence of pore structure on biologically activated carbon performance and biofilm microbial characteristics

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1419-1

摘要：

• Pore structure affects biologically activated carbon performance.

关键词： Granular activated carbon     Biologically activated carbon filter     Bacterial community structure     Pore structure    

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Development of a hydrodynamic model and the corresponding virtual software for dual-loop circulating

Shanwei Hu, Xinhua Liu

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第3期   页码 579-590 doi: 10.1007/s11705-020-1953-6

摘要： Dual-loop circulating fluidized bed (CFB) reactors have been widely applied in industry because of their good heat and mass transfer characteristics and continuous handling ability. However, the design of such reactors is notoriously difficult owing to the poor understanding of the underlying mechanisms, meaning it has been heavily based on empiricism and stepwise experiments. Modeling the gas-solid CFB system requires a quantitative description of the multiscale heterogeneity in the sub-reactors and the strong coupling between them. This article proposed a general method for modeling multi-loop CFB systems by utilizing the energy minimization multiscale (EMMS) principle. A full-loop modeling scheme was implemented by using the EMMS model and/or its extension models to compute the hydrodynamic parameters of the sub-reactors, to achieve the mass conservation and pressure balance in each circulation loop. Based on the modularization strategy, corresponding interactive simulation software was further developed to facilitate the flexible creation and fast modeling of a customized multi-loop CFB reactor. This research can be expected to provide quantitative references for the design and scale-up of gas-solid CFB reactors and lay a solid foundation for the realization of virtual process engineering.

关键词： multi-loop circulating fluidized bed     mathematical modeling     energy minimization multiscale     virtual fluidization     mesoscale structure    

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Application of granular solid hydrodynamics to a well-graded unbound granular material undergoing triaxial

Shixiong SONG, Qicheng SUN, Feng JIN, Chuhan ZHANG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第1期   页码 83-88 doi: 10.1007/s11709-012-0148-8

摘要： Unbound granular materials (UGMs) are widely used as a base or a subbase in pavement construction. They are generally well graded and exhibit a higher peak strength than that of conventional cohesionless granular materials. By using a simplified version of granular solid hydrodynamics (GSH), a set of GSH material constants is determined for a UGM material. The deviatoric stress and volumetric strain caused by triaxial compression are calculated and then compared with experimental data. The results indicate that the GSH theory is able to describe such a special type of granular materials.

关键词： granular solid hydrodynamics     unbound granular material (UGM)     triaxial tests    

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Mesoscopic properties of dense granular materials: An overview

Qicheng SUN, Feng JIN, Guohua ZHANG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第1期   页码 1-12 doi: 10.1007/s11709-013-0184-z

摘要： A granular material is a conglomeration of discrete solid particles. It is intrinsically athermal because its dynamics always occur far from equilibrium. In highly excited gaseous states, it can safely be assumed that only binary interactions occur and a number of kinetic theories have been successfully applied. However, for granular flows and solid-like states, the theory is still poorly understood because of the internally correlated structures, such as particle clusters and force networks. The current theory is that the mesoscale characteristics define the key differences between granular materials and homogeneous solid materials. Widespread interest in granular materials has arisen among physicists, and significant progress has been made, especially in understanding the jamming phase diagram and the characteristics of the jammed phase. In this paper, the underlying physics of the mesoscale structure is discussed in detail. A multiscale framework is then proposed for dense granular materials.

关键词： granular matter     macroscopic structure     jamming phase transition    

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Effects of shear force on formation and properties of anoxic granular sludge in SBR

Xinyan ZHANG, Binbin WANG, Qingqing HAN, Hongmei ZHAO, Dangcong PENG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第6期   页码 896-905 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0539-7

摘要： This paper reports the effects of shear force on anoxic granular sludge in sequencing batch reactors (SBR). The study was carried out in two SBRs (SBR1 and SBR2) in which sodium acetate (200 mg COD·L ) was used as the sole substrate and sodium nitrate (40 mgNO -N·L ) was employed as the electron acceptor. The preliminary objective of this study was to cultivate anoxic granules in the SBR in order to investigate the effects of shear force on the formation of anoxic granular sludge and to compare the properties of anoxic sludge in the SBR. This study reports new results for the values of average velocity gradient, a measure of the applied shear force, which was varied in the two SBRs (3.79 s and 9.76 s for SBR1 and SBR2 respectively). The important findings of this research highlight the dual effects of shear force on anoxic granules. A low shear force can produce large anoxic granules with high activity and poor settling ability, whereas higher shear forces produce smaller granules with better settling ability and lower activity. The results of this study show that the anoxic granulation is closely related to the strength of the shear force. For high shear force, this research demonstrated that: 1) granules with smaller diameters, high density and good settling ability were formed in the reactor, and 2) granular sludge formed faster than it did in the low shear force reactor (41days versus 76 days). Once a steady-state has been achieved, the nitrate and COD removal rates were found to be 98% and 80%, respectively. For low shear force, such as was applied in SBR1, this research demonstrated that: 1) the activity of anoxic granular sludge in low shear force was higher than that in high shear force, 2) higher amount of soluble microbial products (SMPs) were produced, and 3) large pores were observed inside the larger granules, which are beneficial for nitrogen gas diffusion. Electron microscopic examination of the anoxic granules in both reactors showed that the morphology of the granules was ellipsoidal with a clear outline. Coccus and rod-shaped bacteria were wrapped by filamentous bacteria on the surface of granule.

关键词： denitrification     anoxic granular sludge     sequencing batch reactors (SBR)     shear force    

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Correlated channel model-based secure communications in dual-hop wireless communication networks Article

Zhen-hua YUAN, Chen CHEN, Xiang CHENG, Guo-cheng LV, Liu-qing YANG, Ye JIN

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第18卷 第6期   页码 796-807 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1700023

摘要： 主要研究在相关信道模型条件下两跳无线通信网络的中继物理层安全波束成形方案设计问题。系统模型由1个发送节点、1个合法接收节点、1个窃听节点和1个采用放大转发策略的中继节点构成，其中中继节点装备多天线，而其他节点都装备单天线，窃听节点靠近合法接收节点进行窃听，从而使得二者与中继节点之间的信道具有相关性。中继节点无法获得窃听信道的瞬时信道状态信息，只可获得合法信道的瞬时状态信息，以及合法信道与窃听信道之间的相关性信息，据此中继节点可推导出窃听信道状态的条件概率分布。以系统近似遍历安全容量为优化目标，研究了2种中继波束成形方案：1最大化合法信道容量的“广义匹配转发方案”；2“普通阶波束成形方案”。另外，还讨论了基于遍历安全容量下界的“下界最优化波束成形方案”。与上述两方案比对，“广义匹配转发方案”是最优的秩-1方案，“普通阶波束成形方案”则是基于近似遍历安全容量的迭代最优的中继转发方案。通过仿真对各波束成形方案的性能进行比较，验证了本文的分析。从仿真结果还可以看出：当中继节点发送功率较低，或者第二跳信道增益较低时，“广义匹配转发方案”的性能优于“普通阶波束成形方案”。

关键词： 物理层安全；中继波束成形；相关信道；遍历安全速率；凸优化    

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Force fluctuations in sheared granular disks

Mingbo YUAN, Qicheng SUN, Feng JIN

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第1期   页码 46-49 doi: 10.1007/s11709-013-0189-7

摘要： The internal structure established within granular materials, often observed as force chains, is dominant in controlling bulk mechanical properties. We designed a two-dimensional Hele-Shaw cell to contain photoelastic disks, and two servos were used on the top and right boundaries individually. We experimentally monitored the fluctuations in force on the top plate while slowing the shearing of the well-confined disks and keeping the right boundary at a contact-confined force of 0.2 kN. The particle rearrangements were found to correspond to bulk force drops and were observed in a localized zone with a length of approximately 5 particle diameters. These results help reveal the structure and mechanics of granular materials, and further investigations are ongoing.

关键词： granular matter     force chain     stick and slip    

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Visualization of force networks in 2D dense granular materials

Jianguo LIU, Qicheng SUN, Feng JIN,

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第1期   页码 109-115 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0003-8

摘要： Dense granular matter is a conglomeration of discrete solid and closely packed particles. As subjected to external loadings, the stress is largely transmitted by heavily stressed chains of particles forming a sparse network of larger contact forces. To understand the structure and evolution of force chains, a photoelastic technique was improved for determining stresses and strains in the assemblies of photoelastic granular disks in this paper. A two-dimensional vertical slab was designed. It contains 7200 polydispersed photoelastic disks and is subjected to a localized probe penetrating at the top of the slab to mimic the cone penetration test. The interparticle contact force distribution was found a peak around the mean value, a roughly exponential tail for greater force and a dip toward zero for smaller force. The force chain network around the probe tip was depicted, and the contact angle distribution of particles in force chains was found to be well aligned in the directions of major principal stress.

关键词： granular matter     force chain     multiscale modeling    

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Buffer capacity of granular matter to impact of spherical projectile based on discrete element method

Ying YAN, Pengfei LI, Shunying JI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第1期   页码 50-54 doi: 10.1007/s11709-013-0186-x

摘要： Granular matter possesses impact-absorbing property due to its energy dissipation character. To investigate the impact-absorbing capacity of granular matter, the discrete element method (DEM) is adopted to simulate the impact of a spherical projectile on to a granular bed. The dynamic responses of the projectile are obtained for both thin and thick granular bed. The penetration depth of the projectile and the first impact peak are investigated with different bed thicknesses and impact velocities. Determining a suitable bed thickness is crucial to the buffering effect of granular matter. The first impact peak is independent of bed thickness when the thickness is larger than the critical thickness.

关键词： granular matter     impact peak     buffer capacity     discrete element method     critical thickness    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Laboratory study on high-temperature adsorption of HCl by dry-injection of Ca(OH)

Junjun TAN,Guohua YANG,Jingqiao MAO,Huichao DAI

期刊论文

Influence of influent on anaerobic ammonium oxidation in an Expanded Granular Sludge Bed-Biological AeratedFilter integrated system

Daijun ZHANG, Cui BAI, Ting TANG, Qing YANG

期刊论文

Concept and application of anaerobic suspended granular sludge bed (SGSB) reactor for wastewater treatment

Mingxia ZHENG,Zhong YAN,Jiane ZUO,Kaijun WANG

期刊论文

Thermal performance of a single-layer packed metal pebble-bed exposed to high energy fluxes

Shengchun ZHANG, Zhifeng WANG, Hui BIAN, Pingrui HUANG

期刊论文

Effect of nitrobenzene on the performance and bacterial community in an expanded granular sludge bed

Jun Li, Wentao Li, Gan Luo, Yan Li, Aimin Li

期刊论文

对双层组件4D打印可逆性的初步研究

Amelia Yilin Lee, Jia An, Chee Kai Chu, Yi Zhang

期刊论文

Influence of pore structure on biologically activated carbon performance and biofilm microbial characteristics

期刊论文

Development of a hydrodynamic model and the corresponding virtual software for dual-loop circulating

Shanwei Hu, Xinhua Liu

期刊论文

Application of granular solid hydrodynamics to a well-graded unbound granular material undergoing triaxial

Shixiong SONG, Qicheng SUN, Feng JIN, Chuhan ZHANG

期刊论文

Mesoscopic properties of dense granular materials: An overview

Qicheng SUN, Feng JIN, Guohua ZHANG

期刊论文

Effects of shear force on formation and properties of anoxic granular sludge in SBR

Xinyan ZHANG, Binbin WANG, Qingqing HAN, Hongmei ZHAO, Dangcong PENG

期刊论文

Correlated channel model-based secure communications in dual-hop wireless communication networks

Zhen-hua YUAN, Chen CHEN, Xiang CHENG, Guo-cheng LV, Liu-qing YANG, Ye JIN

期刊论文

Force fluctuations in sheared granular disks

Mingbo YUAN, Qicheng SUN, Feng JIN

期刊论文

Visualization of force networks in 2D dense granular materials

Jianguo LIU, Qicheng SUN, Feng JIN,

期刊论文

Buffer capacity of granular matter to impact of spherical projectile based on discrete element method

Ying YAN, Pengfei LI, Shunying JI

期刊论文